肿瘤生物样本库的发展现状及探讨

生物样本包含丰富的遗传、疾病特征和治疗效果等信息，且具有不可再生性，规范保存和使用生物样本已成为肿瘤诊治与研究领域最宝贵的资源之一，本文通过对国内外生物样本库发展现状的概述，提出建设我国肿瘤生物样本库的思考。     

Plastin 1 drives metastasis of colorectal cancer through the IQGAP1/Rac1/ERK pathway

Tumor metastasis is the dominant cause of death in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, and it often involves dysregulation of various cytoskeletal proteins. Plastin 1 (PLS1) is an actin‐bundling protein that has been implicated in the structure of intestinal epithelial microvilli; however, its role in CRC metastasis has not yet been determined. In this study, we demonstrated that PLS1 is highly expressed in 33.3% (45/135) of CRC patients and is correlated with lymph node metastasis and poor survival. In in vitro and in vivo experiments, PLS1 induced the migration and invasion of CRC cells and the metastases to the liver and lung in mice. Moreover, the expressions of key factors for CRC metastases, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 9 and 2, were enhanced by PLS1, which was dependent on phosphorylating ERK1/2 activated by IQGAP1/Rac1 signaling. The connection between these signals and PLS1 was further confirmed in CRC tissues of patients and the metastatic nodules from a mouse model. These findings suggest that PLS1 promotes CRC metastasis through the IQGAP1/Rac1/ERK pathway. Targeting PLS1 may provide a potential approach to inhibit the metastasis of CRC cells.     

Adverse effects of semicircular circle angles variation on Epley repositioning procedure: a study on reconstruction of Micro-CT images 3D

Abstract

Background: For patients with posterior semicircular canal (PSC) BPPV, Epley re-position maneuver and some improvement methods are the most efficient treatment methods. But there were still 9.43% patients who were not benefit from Epley re-position maneuver.

Objective: To measure the angles of semicircular canals and evaluate its effect on Epley maneuver.

Methods: Fifteen skull specimens, containing 30 temporal bone specimens were included. After Micro-CT scanning, 3D reconstruction was loaded with the CT image. The angles between each semicircular canal and each standard skull plane were measured. Furthermore, the angles’ effect on Epley maneuver was evaluated according to the three-dimension (3D) model.

Results: Angles of PSC plane: Frankfurt plane was 71.54?±?6.51, sagittal plane was 53.77?±?5.36°, and the coronal plane was 43.33?±?3.56°. Angles between PSC and the sagittal plane of skulls had an adverse effect on Epley maneuver, when it was less than 45°.

Conclusion: 1. Variation could be found in angles between the semicircular canals and the standard planes of skulls, which meant variation of semicircular canals’ location existing in skulls. 2. The variation of angles between PSC and sagittal plane could have an adverse effect on the Epley maneuver when the angle was less than 45°, which may cause the Epley maneuver to be invalid.     

Antiviral Properties of Traditional Chinese Medicine against Coronavirus: Research Clues for Coronavirus Disease-2019

The objective of this study was to provide research clues for the prevention and treatment of coronavirus disease?2019 (COVID?19) and coronavirus (CoV) infection using Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). A review on research and clinical trials that using TCM extracts and active ingredients against CoV was performed, and a table of TCM agents and their effects on CoV were summarized. Relevant analysis was performed and visual expression of the data included summarizing the types of TCM and treatment methods for COVID?19. TCM fighting against CoV is mainly used in the lung and heart channels, and its medicinal properties are mainly cold and mild, while its taste is mainly bitter and sweet. The majority of research focused on treatments that clear away heat and toxic materials and those that strengthen body resistance and tonify deficiencies. TCM has unique advantages to fight against CoV. The development of new anti?CoV therapy using TCM is of great significance for the prevention and treatment of COVID?19 pneumonia and various viral infectious diseases.     

基于TCGA数据库探究肾透明细胞癌关键基因的表达及预后作用

目的:探究肾透明细胞癌中关键基因的表达及预后作用，寻找潜在治疗靶点。方法:从TCGA数据库下载肾透明细胞癌mRNA的表达数据，通过Rstudio软件分析肿瘤与正常组织间差异表达基因，对差异表达基因进行富集分析、蛋白-蛋白相互作用网络构建，并分析出关键基因，最后对关键基因进行预后分析。结果:得到1 855个差异表达基因，其中有1 207个是上调的，648个是下调的，富集分析发现差异基因主要与信号转导、物质代谢、免疫反应等信号通路相关。筛选出10个关键基因中有6个存在预后价值。结论:筛选出的差异基因及信号通路可以帮助我们探索肾透明细胞癌发病的分子机制，同时为靶向治疗的研究提供潜在的理论依据。     

多原发结直肠癌的临床特征和预后

目的探讨多原发结直肠癌的临床特征和预后。方法回顾性分析南京医科大学第一附属医院2013年1月至2018年12月收治的42例多原发结直肠癌患者的临床资料,对其临床病理特征、诊治及预后进行总结。结果符合多原发结直肠癌诊断的患者42例,占同期收治的所有结直肠癌患者的1.20%(42/3499),病理类型以腺癌为主。其中,同时性多原发癌32例,年龄38~86岁,中位年龄66岁,共发现73处结直肠癌灶,多位于近端结肠、乙状结肠及直肠;共检出淋巴结527枚,阳性10枚(1.9%),淋巴结阳性患者占同时性多原发癌的37.5%(12/32);27例为双原发癌,3例为三原发癌,2例为五原发癌;1、3年总生存率分别为83.75%和74.38%。异时性多原发癌10例,年龄33~86岁,第一癌多位于直肠和乙状结肠区域,第二癌多位于升结肠区域;共检出淋巴结276枚,阳性率12.3%(34枚),1、3年总生存率分别为100.00%和66.67%。结论多原发结直肠癌在临床上不少见,其分布有一定规律。临床中应引起重视,提高早期诊断率。应早期手术治疗以提高患者的生存率。